ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND NEGOTIATION PRACTICES AS A FACTOR IN THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Abstract. This article examines the role of trade and economic relations and negotiation practices in ensuring the sustainability of the national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of increasing geoeconomic uncertainty and the transformation of the global economic system. Particular attention is paid to Kazakhstan's multi-vector economic diplomacy aimed at diversifying foreign economic relations, expanding the geography of exports, attracting foreign investment, and developing cooperation with key international partners. It is argued that the combination of a multi-vector foreign policy with pragmatic negotiation strategies helps reduce foreign economic risks and strengthen the adaptive capacity of the national economy. At the same time, Kazakhstan's continued structural dependence on commodity exports, fluctuations in global prices, and foreign markets continues to pose significant risks to long-term economic sustainability. Using a mixed-method approach, this article analyzes the relationship between trade diversification, institutional capacity, and the effectiveness of negotiation practices. It concludes that further improvements in economic diplomacy institutions, the development of non-resource exports, the quality of international negotiations, and the deepening of Kazakhstan's integration into regional and global value chains are necessary.

Funding. This research is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan within the framework of the project “The Trend Toward the Economization of International Relations and Economic Diplomacy of New Kazakhstan” (No. AP23490344).