COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES

Abstract

In the context of global technological competition, the
development of scientific potential has become a pivotal instrument for ensuring
national sovereignty. This article presents a comprehensive comparative analysis
of the research and development (R&D) system of the Republic of Kazakhstan
in relation to leading foreign nations and states with comparable levels of socioeconomic
development. The primary objective of the study is to identify the
structural constraints hindering the international competitiveness of domestic
science and to define strategic pathways for overcoming these barriers.
The research methodology is based on an integrated comparative analysis
of macroeconomic indicators (R&D intensity of GDP), bibliometric analysis
(publication activity within the Web of Science database), and an examination
of successful institutional development models. The study provides a detailed
investigation into funding mechanisms, the reproduction of human capital, and
the current state of material and technical infrastructure.
The key results of the study demonstrate that Kazakhstan’s current scientific
model is characterized by a high dependency on state subsidies and insufficient
involvement of the private sector. The analysis justifies the necessity of shifting
from a quantitative accumulation of publications toward qualitative leadership in
high-impact journals (Q1–Q2). The research findings allow for the identification
of major structural constraints and promising directions for strengthening the
scientific potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis highlights the
imperative to diversify funding sources, enhance the role of the private sector,
and transition from extensive workforce management toward the creation of a
high-tech research ecosystem.